ETF Tracking Error Explained: Why Your Returns Don’t Match the Index
Editor’s Picking: ETF tracking error measures the annualized standard deviation of the return gap between an exchange-traded fund and its benchmark index, driven by expense ratios, cash drag, securities lending, and cross-border dividend tax withholding. When you purchase flagship American funds like the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY), Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO), or
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